Which are elements of formulas?

Formulas in Quickbase are constructed using several key elements, and one of those essential components is functions. Functions are predefined operations that perform calculations or actions on data within a formula. They can be used to manipulate string values, perform mathematical operations, or even return conditional results based on certain criteria. This allows for dynamic calculations that can adapt based on the underlying data in the application.

Functions enhance the flexibility and power of formulas by allowing users to apply complex logic and operations quickly without needing to write extensive code. For example, a common function might sum a range of values, average them, or even apply conditional logic to determine the output based on specific conditions present in the dataset.

In the context of the other options, XML refers to a markup language used for data transportation and storage, which is not a direct element of formulas in Quickbase. Operators are indeed crucial in formulas as they facilitate mathematical and logical operations, while field references point to the specific data fields being used in the formulas. However, functions are particularly noteworthy because they encapsulate these operations and allow for advanced manipulations, making them fundamental elements of Quickbase formulas.